How much should I really make before even considering this?
What are typical prices for something like a 2 bed 1 bath and a 2+ car garage?
How does a mortgage work? Is it just another name for a super huge loan?
Aren't mortgages like 20+ years? What if I want to move?
What other "options" should I consider in a house (ie, central air, duplex or non, etc)?
Aside from house payments, gas, electricity, and water, what else comes with home ownership?
What should I expect to pay a month for gas? Electricity? What about water? How are they measured?
There's a lot of info out there as far as the 'how much can I afford', if you search various financial websites a lot of them offer suggestions.
Typical price for a house varies widley depending on where the house is purchased, you can check out some sites like themlsonline.com to get an idea of what houses are being listed at in the area your looking.
Mortgage is more or less a super huge loan, they generally are between 15-30years, there is a whole heck of a lot to know about mortgages. There are different types, ARM, fixed rate, etc. I would reccomend talking to someone that does this for a living, you can usually make an appointment and they will go over your current bills, what you make, etc and help you figure out what you can really afford. I'd suggest asking friends and such that have gone through the process try and find someone who you can trust (via word of mouth), there are some bad lending practices out there, which is how people get sucked into interest-only loans, huge ARM mortagaes (with no max rate), etc.
Options are kind of a personal thing, keep things in mind like how old the major appliances are, does it have a water softener? How old are the furnace, water heater, air conditioner (if it has one) etc. How old is the roof? The siding? When you get down to the point where you found the house you want to by hiring an inspector might not be a bad idea either, especially for a first time buyer. Myself I'd pretty much have to have central air, a bigger garage would be a huge plus, but everyone has different needs.
Other expenses to consider with a house over an apartment - your going to pay property taxes, generally $1000-2000 a year, depending on what the house is worth / where its located. As mentioned before if you dont have a very large down payment you will also be stuck with mortgage insurance which I guess runs around $100/mo but I'm not sure on that. Beyond that any maintenance that comes up you are responsible for, so its a good idea to budget for that.
Townhomes are a nice middle ground, you build equity and eventually own it, you do have an association fee of around $100-200 a month but you also aren't responsible for any of the exterior mantenance (roof, siding, drivway, mowing the lawn, snow removal, etc). Down sides are they can be harder to sell, and you still have a shared wall or walls with neighbors usually.
I highly reccomend talking to a mortgage person (I'm sure they have a more offical title than that), and even a realestate agent, don't let anyone pressure you into buying before you are ready or spending more than you feel you should / can. Also there are first time home buyer classes that are put on, often for free that would be worth attending.
Some countys offer first time programs that offer lower rates, 0 down options, or other forms of assistance, make sure to search these out once you have an idea of the area you want to buy in.
Nate offers good advice, if you can wait untill at least late summer / early fall, prices are going to continue to fall as a lot of the ARM's are up in the 1st and 2nd quarter this year, which is likely going to increase the forclosure rates.